Anxiety disorders are characterised by excessive fear, anxiety, and avoidance triggered by specific objects or situations. While panic attacks are prevalent in these disorders, they may also occur in unrelated conditions.

Anxiety disorders include:

• Agoraphobia,
• generalised anxiety disorder,
• panic disorder,
• separation anxiety disorder,
• specific phobias,
• postpartum anxiety,
• social anxiety disorder.

Mood disorders are mental health conditions that impact a person’s emotional state. Depressive disorders bring about feelings of sadness, emptiness, or irritability, accompanied by cognitive and physical changes that hinder daily functioning. Bipolar disorders, on the other hand, entail dramatic mood swings, ranging from manic highs to depressive lows.

• depressive disorders
• major depressive disorder
• persistent depressive disorder, previously known as dysthymia
• peripartum depression
• postpartum depression
• premenstrual dysphoric disorder
• seasonal affective disorder
• situational depression
• bipolar disorder
• major depressive episode
• hypomanic episode
• manic episode
• mixed features
• cyclothymic disorder
• additional specifiers for bipolar disorder

Alcohol and substance use disorders stem from alterations in brain chemistry, leading to a reliance on the substance consumed. Due to substance use, individuals afflicted by these disorders often face dependence, withdrawal symptoms, and disruptions in their personal and professional lives.

• alcohol use disorder,
• opioid use disorder symptoms,
• substance use disorder

Schizophrenia spectrum disorders are characterised by difficulties in one or more of the following five domains: delusions, hallucinations, disorganised thinking or speech, abnormal movements like catatonia, and negative symptoms, which involve a lack of motivation, pleasure, or emotional expression.

• brief psychotic disorder
• catatonia
• delusional disorder
• postpartum psychosis
• psychotic disorder not otherwise specified
• schizophrenia
• schizoaffective disorder
• schizophreniform disorder
• schizotypal personality disorder

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and OCD spectrum disorders encompass obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviours. While these disorders share certain traits, they also exhibit distinct differences.

Specific experts argue that these conditions should be regarded as individual disorders rather than being classified under the umbrella of OCD spectrum disorders.

• body dysmorphic disorder
• hoarding disorder
• dermatillomania
• obsessive-compulsive disorder
• trichotillomania

Feeding and eating disorders are characterised by disrupted eating habits, which can involve changes in the quantity of food consumed or the body’s ability to absorb nutrients. To be diagnosed, these altered eating patterns must substantially impact a person’s body or significantly affect their personal, social, work, or school life.

• avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID)
• anorexia nervosa
• binge eating disorder
• bulimia nervosa
• pica
• rumination disorder

Trauma or stressor-related disorders are conditions in which experiencing trauma or severe stress is a crucial component of the diagnosis. These disorders are closely connected to anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, and dissociative disorders, often sharing overlapping symptoms and features.

• acute stress disorder
• adjustment disorder
• disinhibited social engagement disorder
• post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
• reactive attachment disorder

Dissociative disorders entail disruptions in the usual states of awareness, affecting consciousness, memory, identity, emotions, and perceptions of oneself and the surroundings. These disorders frequently emerge in response to stressful or traumatic situations, leading to significant disturbances in a person’s psychological well-being.

• depersonalization-derealization disorder
• dissociative amnesia
• dissociative fugue
• dissociative identity disorder
• dissociative disorder not otherwise specified

Neurodevelopmental disorders manifest early in a child’s development, frequently before they begin formal education. These conditions are characterised by developmental challenges that impact various aspects of an individual’s personal, social, academic, or occupational life.

• attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
• autism spectrum disorder
• Asperger’s syndrome
• Rett syndrome
• expressive language disorder
• intellectual disability
• social (pragmatic) communication disorder
• specific learning disorder
• stereotypic movement disorder
• transient tic disorder

Personality disorders comprise a group of ten disorders characterised by a persistent pattern of thoughts, feelings, and behaviours that deviate significantly from cultural expectations. These patterns often lead to substantial stress and disruptions in a person’s life.

• antisocial personality disorder
• avoidant personality disorder
• borderline personality disorder
• dependent personality disorder
• histrionic personality disorder
• narcissistic personality disorder
• obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
• paranoid personality disorder
• schizoid personality disorder
• schizotypal personality disorder

Sleep disorders impact both the quality and quantity of sleep an individual receives. These conditions typically lead to distress during daytime hours and can significantly disrupt a person’s ability to function effectively in their daily life.

• circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder
• hypersomnolence
• insomnia
• nightmare disorder
• narcolepsy
• restless legs syndrome
• non-rapid eye movement sleep arousal disorders
• sleep terror disorder
• sleepwalking disorder
• sleep paralysis

Neurocognitive disorders entail a decline in cognitive abilities, representing a loss of previously acquired thinking skills. These disorders are not present at birth or in early developmental stages; instead, they reflect a deterioration of previously intact functions.

• Alzheimer’s disease
• major neurocognitive disorder
• mild neurocognitive disorder
• Parkinson’s disease

Childhood mental health disorders, often labelled as developmental disorders or learning disorders, most often arise and are diagnosed when the child is of school age. Adults may also relate to some of the symptoms of these disorders, but typically, their symptoms need to first appear at some point in childhood.

• conduct disorder
• disorder of written expression
• disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
• encopresis
• enuresis
• oppositional defiant disorder
• reading disorder
• selective mutism
• Tourette syndrome